![]() We found that the combination of oxidative-cyclized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with N-doped carbonaceous materials and multi-yolk-shell CuO (MYS-CuO) nanoclusters as cathode active materials can significantly increase the specific capacity to 315.9 mAh g − 1 (93.8% of the theoretical value) at 0.2 C, which corresponds to an energy density of 1295 Wh kg CuO −1, with a capacity retention of 84.46% at the 200th cycle, and the cathode exhibited an atypical blossom-like morphological change. Herein, we report the catalytic effect of carbonaceous materials used in the cathode material of Li–SO 2 batteries, which act as templates to help recrystallize the active materials in the activation and conversion reactions. The use of cupric oxide (CuO) as a self-activating cathode material achieves a high specific capacity with cost-effective manufacturing in Li–SO 2 batteries, but its cycle retention performance deteriorates owing to the significant morphological changes of the cathode active materials. Dual-ion Li metal batteries based on non-flammable SO 2-in-salt inorganic electrolytes ( Li–SO 2 batteries) offer high safety and energy density.
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